Hispanic/Latino Spirituality Paoer Free Essays

Enchanted authenticity is where enchantment components are a characteristic part in an in any case ordinary, practical condition. It has been said that â€Å"Magical authenticity is a continuation of the sentimental pragmatist convention of Spanish language writing and its European counterparts† (Faris). Enchanted authenticity permits the creator to grow character’s ascribes to relatability. We will compose a custom exposition test on Hispanic/Latino Spirituality Paoer or then again any comparable theme just for you Request Now One case of this happens when a character keeps on being alive past the typical length of life and this is unobtrusively portrayed by the character being available all through numerous ages. On a superficial level the story has no reasonable mysterious qualities and everything is passed on in a genuine setting, yet such a character disrupts the norms of our genuine world. The creator may give exact subtleties of this present reality, for example, the date of birth of a reference character and the military enlistment age, however such realities help to characterize an age for the incredible character of the story that would end up being an unusual event like somebody living for a long time. Teacher Matthew Strecher characterizes enchantment authenticity as â€Å"what happens when an exceptionally point by point, sensible setting is attacked by something excessively peculiar to believe†. This basic viewpoint towards mystical authenticity comes from the Western reader’s disassociation with folklore, a base of enchanted authenticity all the more effortlessly comprehended by non-Western societies. (Faris) Western disarray in regards to enchanted authenticity is because of the â€Å"conception of the real† made in a mysterious pragmatist text: instead of clarify reality utilizing characteristic or physical laws, as in ordinary Western writings, supernatural pragmatist messages make a reality â€Å"in which the connection between occurrences, characters, and setting couldn't be founded on or supported by their status inside the physical world or their typical acknowledgment by middle class mentality† (Flores). In Sandra Cisneros’, Ghosts and Voices: Writing from Obsession, she subtleties her personal history and makes a feeling of disconnectedness with her general surroundings. She uncovers feeling isolated from society in her perusing and composing. Her dejection from being the main little girl in a group of children and her powerlessness to make companions isolates her further from the intuitive commonality of society. â€Å"Instead of composing by motivation, it appears we compose by fixations, of that which is most savagely pulling at our psyche†¦ there is the important period of managing those phantoms and voices most direly frequenting us, day by day† (Cisneros, Ghosts, 49). This absence of a feeling of having a place brings about detachment and disconnection, which impacts her feeling of network and uncovers her thoughts regarding her own way of life. Cisneros doesn’t utilize the components of mystical authenticity to reveal to her story. Or maybe she utilizes her culture’s strict components to depict her childhood. It is important to comprehend the culture’s religion so as to accomplish an immediate portrayal of its significance to the recorded, socio-political, and social settings to the story. The most effective method to refer to Hispanic/Latino Spirituality Paoer, Papers

Analysis of Hamlet by William Shakespeare free essay sample

The possibility of Hamlet being insane in this story is exceptionally clear to the crowd. Hamlet depicts being insane by going about as though he was distraught. He examines self destruction, and visits Ophelia with an upsetting appearance while taking guidance from an apparition that professes to be the soul of his dad. Numerous individuals have been befuddled about the reason for Hamlet’s madness, and endeavor to discover answers to take care of this issue. These demonstrations done by Hamlet pave the way to the inquiry, â€Å"Is Hamlet extremely insane or not?† In the catastrophe Hamlet, the character Hamlet has been blamed for being frantic despite the fact that it could have various implications in this story. One significance of distraught could be that he is insane for Ophelia in light of the fact that he adores her to such an extent. He would do anything for Ophelia, yet perhaps he just shows it such that he thinks would be appropriate and others would think not. We will compose a custom article test on Examination of Hamlet by William Shakespeare or on the other hand any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page â€Å"Mad for thy love?† â€Å"My ruler, I don't know,† â€Å"But really I do fear it.† (2.1 95-97)) In this scene, Ophelia is educating Polonius regarding her upsetting visit by Hamlet. Polonius imagines that Hamlet is wild about Ophelia and cherishes her so much that he would do anything for her. Ophelia then again, feels as though this is somewhat odd and that he should stop as quickly as time permits. She disclosed to him that first he came in with his garments not routed to the expectations for everyday comforts, at that point got her arm and began shaking it, at that point pushed his head back in murmur and let go of her arm and left without saying a word. Polonius inquires as to whether any of her letters or adages to him could have caused this craziness, however Ophelia answers to Polonius with, â€Å"but I did as you order. I repelled his letters and denied his entrance to me.† (2.2 120-123)) This implies Ophelia could have made Hamlet insane on t he grounds that she had been disregarding him for some time, and since Hamlet can't live without her adoration, took it out on her in an upsetting manner that caused her to feel awkward. Hamlet shows the crowd that despite the fact that he may be confused with acting frantic, he despite everything has purposes behind why he acts this way. In Act 1 Scene 5, Hamlet has his first experience with the phantom. The apparition reveals to him that he is the soul of his dad, and that he needs to get retaliate for on his homicide on account of King Claudius. â€Å"Revenge his foul and most unnatural homicide. Murder generally foul, as in the best it may be, however this generally foul, weird, and unnatural.†(1.5 31-34) Hamlet consents to satisfy the ghost’s demand, yet since he has taken on this errand, the crowd is going to imagine that he is even frantic. This probably won't be the best choice on Hamlet’s part to keep his notoriety alive, however he likewise needs to retaliate for his father’s murder since King Claudius has played the job of father in his life and slaughtered his dad while as yet pulling off everything. So despite the fact that th at Hamlet has settled on a terrible choice for this situation, he is as yet benefiting a few. Being frantic is something that specific individuals can't dispose of, and is utilized to their most noteworthy points of interest. In Hamlet’s circumstance, he winds up executing a significant individual who was a piece of Claudius’ plan to slaughter him. Polonius was taking cover behind a woven artwork in Gertrude’s room, keeping an eye on Hamlet and Gertrude. As Hamlet goes into the room, Gertrude was scared that she shouted for help. Polonius reverberated her weep for help and Hamlet, believing that Polonius was Claudius, cuts him to death. â€Å"A wicked deed-nearly as awful, great mother, as execute a lord and wed with his brother.†(3.4 34-35) As appeared in this statement, Hamlet is telling his mom that what he has recently done is nearly as awful as Claudius murdering his sibling and wedding his better half. He still doesn’t know however that the individual he executed is Polonius and not Claudius. â€Å"Thou pathetic, rash, encroaching num b-skull, goodbye. I took thee for thy better. Take thy fortune.†(3.4 38-39) Hamlet is currently telling the crowd that he slaughtered him for the better of everybody, and that he should be thankful that he is dead. The possibility of Hamlet being insane in this story is clear to the crowd. Hamlet depicts to the crowd that despite the fact that he may act insane, he isn't, and he will take the necessary steps to persuade them that he is honest of the frenzy he has been experienced with.

Back to Basics

Back to Basics Our website turned six years old this month! The above photo was taken on a rooftop in downtown Dayton, Ohio, the same week in December 2010 that we started our blog. Since then, weve swapped haircuts, and much has happened over the past half-dozen years. Yes, were looking ahead toward 2017, but first lets take a glance in the rearview. Here are a few highlights. 2010: Started TheMinimalists.com (how we started our blog) 2011: Published our first book, Minimalism: Live a Meaningful Life 2012: Moved from Dayton, Ohio, to Missoula, Montana 2013: Cofounded Asymmetrical, a publishing house for the indie at heart 2014: Embarked on 100-city tour with our memoir, Everything That Remains 2015: Focused on contributionâ€"three wells, two schools, one orphanage 2016: Opened a coffeehouse, and our film was the years #1 documentary 2017: Back to basicsâ€"writing, podcasting, and a potential tour But of course, it hasnt been all ponies and rainbows: weve experienced failure, loss, frustration, breakups, heartbreak, arguments, and many struggles along the way. However, its important to note that while life is far from perfect, weve traded our old, vapid problems (consumerism, debt, corporatism, discontent) for newer, better problems. Weve let go of the past to make room for whats on the horizon. We never planned on most of what has transpired: we never developed a business strategy or a five-year plan. Doing so would have overwhelmed us, and we likely wouldntve accomplished much of what we did had we ruminated endlessly about long-term goals. Instead, we tend to focus on one or two main projects each yearâ€"keeping an eye on the horizon, not worrying about what lies beyond itâ€"and everything we do must serve those endeavors. If it doesnt, then we say noâ€"not for the sake of saying no, but so we can say yes to that which is most important. Its important to note that this journey has been a team effort. We certainly couldntve done it on our own, nor would we want to. The Minimalists are more than a couple guys from the Midwestâ€"it takes the chemistry and creativity and shared ideals of the group to create a movement. Our actual team involves more than a dozen people, and nearly 5 million readers. Thank you for being part of that growing group. Now, what does the future hold? Were getting back to basics for 2017. Now that our documentary, Minimalism, is on Netflix, were once again focused on creating. Our craft table is three-legged: (1) writing, which has been our creative foundation since the beginning; (2) podcasting, which is still relatively new to us, so it helps us grow; and (3) touring: once Joshuas back pain improves, were considering hitting the road once again with a handful of new ideas (subscribe to our email newsletter to be notified of new events). How about you? What will your life look like a year from now? Six years from now? What priority do you want to dedicate time to next year? What problems are you going to trade for better problems? What must you let go of to make that happen? Happy New Year, Joshua Ryan

The Illiad by Homer - 1206 Words

Women have held many different roles in society throughout human history. Since the beginning of time men have always been viewed as superior. In Homer’s Iliad, a perfect example of the suppressive role of women is shown. Women are treated as property and are used for the mere purpose of reproduction within the household. Paralyzed by their unfortunate circumstances, they were taken and given as if they were material belongings. In Homers Iliad, women are seen and introduce as rewards to the male heroines and usually the greatest fighters. They are depicted as being inferior to men both physically and intellectually. Throughout the epic poem, women play an important role that symbolizes their relative significance and the impact they†¦show more content†¦She is melancholic with her situation in the city of Troy but she has no doubt that she must settle through this because the gods have instructed it. Aphrodite, clearly enraged expresses her inner pain. This burst of emotions proves that the gods share some of the same characteristics as the humans themselves. Another incident happens in book five where Aphrodite experiences physical pain when Diomedes, after waiting patiently until he grasped the right opportunity to strike her and cause her to bleed her â€Å"divine blood† Aphrodite tries to take revenge when she complains her mother Dione of her assault and tries to influence Dione that the war is beyond the Trojans and the Achaeans; this aggression shown towards her was clearly a implication that the Argives yearned for war. This act of vengeance shows the women’s aggression play a major role throughout the epic. The reprisals of women can cause the war in the epic to become hotter or to calm down a bit. Aphrodite, clearly infuriated by Diomedes, makes this Trojan War a personal obsession. Helen serves as the rousing cause for the Achaean’s war with Troy and brings about the first battle in the epic. This battle is the clash between Menelaos and Paris, however; it does not resume for long in the Iliad. She takes control over the battle between Menelaos and Paris the young Trojan prince and then flies off to Paris side when Aphrodite leads him off of the battlefield using her sexual powers. HelenShow MoreRelatedThe Illiad by Homer1157 Words   |  5 Pageshold his ground no longer, he left the gates behind him and away he fled in fear(22.162-164) He acted in a dishonorable, not heroic and disgraceful way. Although these two times, he is still considered a hero and he is a good example of what the Homer, just as all the Ancient Greeks, considered to be heroic. The only person that was not afraid of death was Achilles, the greatest Greek warrior. Achilles was half human and half god. He is truly what a god should be according to the Ancient GreeksRead MoreThe Illiad by Homer: Homer The Ancient Inspiration518 Words   |  2 Pagesocean stream to glitter with brilliance† (Homer 22). This is a beautiful line from Homer’s The Iliad. It is a comparison to the stars describing someone or something that stands out amongst an ordinary crowd and proves himself. This seems to fit Homer’s description perfectly. Despite the fact that his life was a mystery, Homer, â€Å"The teacher of Greece†, is legendary due to the multiple theories about his existence, his poems, and his beliefs. To begin, Homer had a very incomprehensible life that scholarsRead MoreTroy Versus Homers Illiad2234 Words   |  9 PagesTROY VS HOMERS ILIAD (A comparison between the two with a mix of movie reviewing) by Amber Shepherd When comparing the movie Troy, directed by Wolfgang Petterson, and The Iliad, written by Greek poet Homer we can clearly see that although Petterson has made an excellent film he has clearly left out certain aspects of the Iliad which really define the story. Both versions portray the Trojan War between Greece and Troy, Achilles killing Hector and King Priam visiting Achilles to ask for the bodyRead MoreJacques Louis David, Andromache Mourning Hector1145 Words   |  5 Pagesto his artwork, encapsulating important Homeric textual and philosophical references. Masterfully, David engages audience with four central themes of the illiad; the rage of Achillies, Hectors death a metaphor for the fall of troy; and most importantly, the human impact of War. The ominous, heart-breaking family portrait not only enhances Homers’ text, but also ‘paints’ David’s own time; a steady shift into the Romantic Eras’ emphasis on emotive expressionism and passion. After Jacques-Louis David’sRead MoreThe Fury of Achiles in Homers Illiad and Ovids Metamorphoses1066 Words   |  4 PagesAchilles Through the stories in both Homers Illiad and Ovids Metamorphoses one can see the power and the fury of Achilles, one greatest Greek warriors in the Trojan War. In Homers Illiad, Homer illustrates the battle between Achilles Hector, who was the Prince of Troy. In Ovids Metamorphoses, Ovid illustrates the battle between Achilles and Cycnus, who is the son of Neptune. In both battles, the outcome is the same both warriors are slain by Achilles. While both stories have the same endingRead MoreThe Trojan War : History Not Myth1545 Words   |  7 Pageshistories most legendary battles. This battle is told to have lasted ten years, resulting in the eventual collapse of Troy, under the siege of Greek forces. Modern knowledge of the Trojan War has survived mainly through the account given in Homer’s Illiad, and while having proved to be a rich source of inspiration for other writers, artists, and even filmmakers in recent history, much speculation still exists surrounding his accoun t. I will analyze modern interpretations of the Trojan War and examineRead MoreAdvent of the Trojan War Essay544 Words   |  3 PagesEric Cline from the George Washington University says â€Å"The archaeological and textual evidence indicates that a Trojan War or Wars took place and that Homer chose to write about one or more of them making it into a great ten-year-long saga†. In the Illiad the Trojan War was fought around 1200-1100 BC. The Illiad was writing by the blind poet Homer around 750 BC. Helen of Sparta was married to king Menelaus of Sparta. The Mycenaeans had recently formed a peace treaty with Troy. However this was allRead MoreThe Trojan War - Fact or Fiction?1674 Words   |  7 PagesThe Trojan War Ââ€" Fact or Fiction? The Trojan War. Confined totally to the pages of Homers The Illiad, the indulgent fantasy of a Greek poet who lived over two and a half thousand years ago- or a historic fact at the centre of the most famous quarrel ever? The Illiad is the ancient tale of a mighty city called Troy that lay at the edge of Asia Minor whose prince abducted Helen, the most beautiful woman of all time, from the king of Greek Sparta, causing the Greeks to send an army in a thousandRead MoreCharacteristics Of A Hero In The Illiad979 Words   |  4 Pagesabout unrealistic heroes who wear crazy outfits and capes and have a different they hide behind, but during the time of the Ancient Greeks, they had slightly different thoughts on heroes. When it comes to The Illiad by Homer, one of the biggest things focused on is the image of the hero. Homer never directly gives the answer to the question â€Å"What makes a good hero?†, but he does write about many heroes, and through the writings it is easy to pick up what qualities make a good hero. It is also madeRead MoreAnalysis Of Xenia And The Odyssey 889 Words   |  4 PagesProfessors Name Course Number †¨Date The Significance of Xenia in the Works of Homer: Hospitality in the Illiad and the Odyssey The concept of Xenia was extremely significant in ancient Greek culture. As such, it played a prominent role in the works of authors, most specifically Homer. In fact, some of the most significant information we have about the concept of Xenia, as it relates to cultural norms come from the work of Homer, and the examples of hospitality demonstrated in the protagonist’s journeys

Ownership Of Wild And Exotic Animals - 1481 Words

Ownership of Wild and Exotic Animals â€Å"Those who wish to pet and baby wild animals love them. But those who respect their natures and wish to let them live normal lives, love them more,† (Teale). This quote shows that people who keep wild animals as pets do not realize that the native environment provides the wild animals with the necessities they cannot receive as a pet. Permits should not be given to people to own wild and exotic animals as pets because it is inhumane and dangerous. People who keep exotic animals as pets do not realize the danger they are putting on the animals or themselves. There have been around 2,000 incidents involving captive exotic pets that have been reported and 75 reported deaths between the years of 1990†¦show more content†¦States categorized in B* have a semi-ban on exotic animals. This allows their citizens to own some exotic animals but other animals are forbidden. The type of animals that are forbidden depends on the different states. The states included under this category are Arkansas, Illinois, Kansas, Louisiana, Minnesota, Nebraska, Virginia, and West Virginia. (Summary of State Laws). The final two classifications that permits are separated into are the categories of L and N, in which the states either requires a permit or do not require a permit. In category L, states require exotic pet owners to receive a license or to at least register with the local authorities to legally own those exotic animals. Arizona, Delaware, Idaho, Indiana, Maine, Mississippi, Missouri, North Dakota, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Dakota, and Texas are the states that are classified as category L. The states that do not require an owner to receive a permit or license are specified to be in category N. However, these states may require similar aspects of a license such as an entry permit or a veterinary certificate. These states would include Alabama, Nevada, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Wisconsin. (Summary of State Laws). Within these categories of B, B*, L, and N there are smaller subcategories that separate the animals into classes. The subcategories are Class I, Class II, and Class III but the types of animals in each class

Justus Case Free Essays

Just Us! Case Just Us! is a corporation that imports, roasts and sells primarily organic coffee from fair traded certified coffee producers. Their vision is: â€Å"to be a leading Fair Trade business that builds on quality, professionalism and innovation for the benefit of all our stake holders. Since its inception, Just Us! had experienced healthy growth in the maritime provinces of Canada, mainly supported by its corporate values: social and environmental responsibility, sustainability, ethical practices in all the areas of the business and in all stakeholders, and product differentiation. We will write a custom essay sample on Justus Case or any similar topic only for you Order Now They even opened a fair trade museum to help educate the public on the social impact and benefits of fair trade. Once roasted and packed, the coffee and other products are shipped to retail outlets, supermarket chains, health food stores, coffee shops and churches. A substantial portion of Just Us! revenues came from wholesaling to large retail stores such as supermarket chains. Their coffee is also offered in the Just Us cafes, which were meant to be a place where customers could enjoy a cup of premium fair trade coffee and gather information about fair trade. The locations were not standardized as a typical chain. A major competitor in the retail organic fair trade coffee market is Kicking Horse which also offers products that are certified organic and fair traded. Its main channels are: coffee shops, gourmet food stores, grocery chains and restaurants. The growth of fair trade product sales had prompted several major food brands to offer fair trade products, such as: Kraft Foods, Procter Gamble and Nestle. Also, in Canada, large super market chains such as Loblaws were offering also fair traded private labeled products which was concerning for Just Us, since supermarkets is one of its most important channels. In the coffee shop area, there was a lot of competition since some independent coffee shops and well-known chains (Ex. Starbucks) were trying to tap into the â€Å"fair trade trend†. Due to the original management team lack of marketing experience a new Marketing Director was hired and part of the initial issues she found was that Just Us! did not spend much on advertising. 2009 had been set at $20,000. There was a massive growth opportunity in the fair trade market in Canada but the economy was on recession, therefore, the expansion needed to be planned carefully. The marketing director had several specific questions to answer to help develop a marketing plan to bolster the growth of Just Us! First off, how was Just Us! going to target new buyers given the current competition and what segment would those buyers belong to? College students were clearly a growing customer base and Just Us! already had a strong presence in three college universities. Therefore, marketing should be directed at the young, educated demographic that are willing to pay a premium for products. Furthermore, the majority of their sales are business to business and their marketing needs to emphasize the benefits of fair trade to the end user. The case stated that the internet was a great tool for increasing awareness of fair trade products, along with initiatives that enhance word of mouth (p. 3). In order to reach new customers they should consider expanding their internet marketing, such as using search engine optimization/ search engine marketing. They can also utilize co-op advertising with other organizations that emphasize fair trade, organic, and environmentally friendly practices. The fair trade museum should also be utilized to educate potential customers and will be discussed in more detail below. All Just Us! advertising needs to emphasize the story behind the products in order to educate new customers. Educating customers on the benefits of fair trade is the key to growth and will set Just Us! apart from competitors with brand recognition. In order for Just Us! to enhance the cafe’s performance they need to improve the customer experience and become customers’ first choice of â€Å"place outside the home to enjoy coffee. Surveys and focus groups should be used to find out what customers like to do in their cafes as well as what customers like about the competitors cafes (Starbucks and Trident) and incorporate those into Just Us! ’ cafes. Additionally, the current Just Us! cafes are stand-alone destination shops. Just Us! should open up new stores in large commercial shopping centers in densely populated cities with multiple Universiti es. This would allow Just Us to still market to the young educated demographic that have long customer lifetime values that they have had success with and reach new customers via foot traffic in the shopping center. By keeping the overall educational theme about fair trade and brand awareness the same across all of the cafes should be able to convert new customers into loyal customers. Another questions the Marketing Director had to consider was how Just Us! can expand their loyal customer base? This could be achieved through improving the customer experience mentioned above. However, offering opportunities for the customers to get involved would create a concept of community among their customers and which could develop into a core competency and set them apart from their competitors. Just Us! ould achieve this by having guest speakers or workshops on fair trade in the stores or even get involved with community organizations to help educate people about fair trade. Customers could sign up to receive emails for upcoming events, new products, new services, and new social initiatives. These actions would all help expand their loyal customer base. The Marketing Director also needed to make several changes to the marketing program in order to benefit the cafes. The marketing budget should be increased to reflect the company sales and growth potentials. A larger budget will allow Just Us! o compete with similar fair trade coffee companies such as Java Factory and threatening new mainstream entrants such as Starbucks who can capture the market share quickly. The existing market media plan (Case exhibit 8) should be updated to focus on product differentiation and increase channel diversity. Just Us! should advertise in multiple newspapers, magazines, and outdoor locations to increase customer reach. Furthermore, Just Us! should promote more direct communication to events around colleges and young professionals emphasizing their fair trade and environment responsibility concept in order to foster community involvement. A major customer segment for Just Us is students and young professionals who are mostly tech-savvy. Therefore, internet should be a main advertising vehicle to reach mass marketing. Just Us should use internet marketing tools including emerging social media (e. g. Facebook, Tweeter, blogs), mobile advertisement (e. g. Groupon), search engine marketing, and co-op advertising on sites offering similar fair trade concepts. Finally, the Marketing Director needs to utilize the fair trade Museum as a way to spread awareness as well as promote brand awareness just like they should in the new locations but take it one step further. Just Us! could hold free concerts or guest speakers at the museum to attract potential new customers. They could also charge for the concert and allow free admission if you bring a reciept from a recent purchase at the Grand Pre store. Just Us! could sponsor a local race or work with local University fundraisers in the community. Once again, Just Us! needs to be involved with the community to educate people about fair trade and get their customers involved to create a sense of community that can lead to new customers and extend the lifetime customer value of existing customers. How to cite Justus Case, Essay examples

Job Order Costing free essay sample

1. Define and explain the meaning of a predetermined manufacturing overhead rate that is applied in a job-order costing system. The predetermined overhead rate is used for estimating the manufacturing overhead cost because companies cannot assign the actual overhead cost to specific job. From the case, Wall Decor uses a traditional job-order costing system. The actual costs of direct materials and direct labor are charged to its specific jobs which are unframed prints, steel-framed with no matting prints, and wood-framed with matting prints. As mentioned, predetermined overhead rate is based on estimates rather than actual results.This is because the predetermined overhead rate is computed before the period begins and is used to apply overhead cost throughout the period. Wall Decor calculates this rate as total estimated manufacturing overhead cost divided by total estimated cost of prints. Then, companies use predetermined overhead rates to allocate manufacturing overhead costs to each unframed or framed print, based on the costs of the prints. We will write a custom essay sample on Job Order Costing or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In conclusion, Wall Decor can assign this rate to a specific job to determine total cost of each specific job when it is completed. 2. What are the advantages and disadvantages of using the cost of each print as a manufacturing overhead cost driver? From the case, Wall Decor calculates predeterminated overhead rate as total estimated manufacturing overhead cost divided by total estimated cost of prints. The advantage of using the cost of each print as a manufacturing overhead cost driver is that the base is easily to determined because we can calculate the cost of the prints. There are some disadvantages of using the cost of each print as a manufacturing overhead cost driver. Manufacturing overhead is an indirect cost.This means that it is either impossible or difficult to trace these costs to a particular product. The actual overhead incurred may not relate to the cost of print for example, an unframed print would get a higher share of overhead cost due to its higher volume comparing to the framed print that require much effort but still get a lower share of overhead because its lower volume. 3. Using information next page. Compute and interpret the predetermined manufacturing overhead rate for Wall Decor. Wall Decor allocates its overhead on the basis of cost of print.

Women are just as Violent as Men an Example by

Women are just as Violent as Men When we heard of domestic violence, it usually registers in our minds that women are victims. Most of the reported crimes, men are the assailants and women are the victims. Beyond our knowledge, there are numerous cases where men are abused by their partners but decided to remain silent about it. Need essay sample on "Women are just as Violent as Men" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Most of us think that the level of violence inflicted on men by women is less serious than that inflicted by women (Straus, M. 1993). That is why when women are abusive; some of us think that women are just being defensive of themselves against men. Our society seemed to harbor an implicit acceptance of womens violence as relatively harmless, according to Maguire, J. (1999). Men chose to remain silent of their situation because of embarrassment. Men feel that people will not believe their stories. Due to this, rate of men being abused by women is difficult to estimate due to cases that are not reported and filed which leaves the whole story on women being abused by their partners Violence against men may start from actions such as shoving, pushing, and throwing objects; later on, it may turn into verbal abuse. It shows that men are more deeply affected by the cruel words that women might say such as coward and failure rather physical actions. Men can endure physical violence that women may give for they are tougher than women. In a more detailed way, women are just as violent as men. Psychological problem such as personality disorder often makes a woman characteristically abusive and violent. Women may also be suicidal and have severe mood swings which often result to being violent. Frustrations and depression can be expressed by women easier than men do. Women can be very vocal and violent about what they are feeling. Womens violence, psychologically speaking, can be interpreted easier than men. Their mental and emotional condition is a result of their own insecurities. Women have the need to create unrealistic expectations and demands towards men wherein they become violent when men were unable to provide or meet their demands. Unlike battered women who will do everything just to get out of the bad relationship, abused men chose to stay because they consider factors such as protecting their children from their wives or partners, they feel guilty about the situation and they think that they deserve the treatment that they are getting from their wives or partners, or they are dependent on women, regardless if it is emotional, mental, or financial dependency. References Gelbes, R. (1987). Family Violence. Beverly Hills: Sage. Lewontin, R.C. (1995). Sex, Lies, and Social Science. The New York Review of Books. Maguire, J. (1999). Are Women More Violent than Men? Violence Against Men is Ignored. Massachusetts News. Straus, M. (1993). Physical Assault by Wives, A Major Social Problem. Current Controversies on Family Violence. Sage Publications.

Business in Ghana

Business in Ghana Introduction In justification of the case for Global Ventures PLC business idea on production and processing of Cocoa, the company has focused on Ghana as the country of choice for the business idea.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Business in Ghana specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Currently, Ghana is the second leading African country in the world cocoa production after Ivory Coast with an 11% market share in cocoa production (2011 Investment Climate Statement). Many large companies, which produce cocoa such as Nestle and Cadbury, focus on Ghana as the country of choice. Though traditionally the country was involved in farming cocoa and then exporting it as beans. In the recent past, it has strived for increasing its earnings from the export by setting up facilities for processing the cocoa beans. While Ivory Coast is the leading world producer of cocoa, the preference for Ghana over Ivory Coast was due to the constant political instability associated with Ivory Coast. Justification As stated in part 2, lack of corruption was key to choosing the country of choice for setting up the new business. While no case can be made for an African cocoa producing country that is free of corruption, there is clearly a case to make on the level of corruption in Ghana being minimal as compared to other African countries involved in cocoa production and manufacture such as Ivory Coast or Nigeria. Therefore, it is important to investigate the situation on the ground while establishing the base for conducting such a business. One significant milestone occurred when Ghana achieved success in fighting corruption, which resulted in the establishment of the Serious Crime Office in 1999; thereafter, it has been involved in investigating corruption. In addition, though the country has not signed a treaty for its commitment with OECD Countries for fighting bribery, the law on procurement laws of 2004 helped in co nformance with the World Trade Organization principles.Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Professional marketers; Marketing was clearly a key ingredient of success of any company In Ghana, The Cocoa Marketing Company is owned by the Government and responsible for marketing and selling a significant portion of cocoa in Ghana. This was a justification for the establishment of the company in Ghana due to the availability of professional marketers. As such, this ensured marketing for the company not only at the national boundaries, but also at a global level. In addition, the company was impressed by the efforts by the chartered institute of marketing, Ghana (CIMG) (2011 Investment Climate Statement). Having a strong base in the country since 1991, and having been certified by Board on National accrediting, the company has help in nurturing strong base in Ghana. Gen uine Reforms The ability to uphold genuine reforms is one of the most outstanding characteristics of Ghana as a country, such as strong leadership, local ownership and political will within the country. Ghana upholds democracy more than any other African country, and is considered to be mother to key leaders within the African continent. For instance, key Ghanaian personalities, such as the retired President Kuffuor and retired UN Secretary General Koffi Annan, gained credits for restoring peace in Kenya after the 2007 post election violence. Moreover, the country has been the leading one in initiating education and health reforms while, at the same time, using soccer to promote peace. Observance of labor laws Labor laws have been highly violated in some cocoa producing countries; in fact, many countries violate children rights by employing children in cocoa farms, as well as processing industries. In addition, many of the cocoa producing countries have highly violated human rights through noncompliance to labor laws such as minimal wages (2011 Investment Climate Statement). In Ghana, there is moderate observance of labor laws with few cases of children labor being reported and being compared to Ivory Coast whose poverty level is much higher hence motivating the violation of labor laws. Many organizations and trade unions in the country are responsible for ensuring that labor laws are observed.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Business in Ghana specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In fighting child labor in Ghana, organization such as ILO/IPEC, the government, the media, international organizations have helped in achieving the proposal of 2001-2002 â€Å"National Plan of Action for the elimination of Child labor in Ghana† through campaigns education programs and involvement of inspectors and the police. Organization in Sacco Schemes Ghanaian farmers are not left behind when it comes to forming groups that enhance their collective decision to being heard and implemented. In the pilot study to justify the establishment of the company in Ghana, the company was impressed by the presence of the international NGO Technoserve that has played a remarkable role in helping cocoa farmers obtain greater results from their crops. Instead of selling cocoa immediately after it is harvested, the organization helps farmers to store it in a warehouses managed by the cooperation. In exchange, the farmers are able to obtain loan depending on the amount of cocoa that they have stored. Sacco’s such as Kuapa Kokoo Limited and Farmer Organization Network have been particularly prominent in some areas of Ghana. These are prominent in mobilizing farmers and in fighting child labor among cocoa farming and production industry. Infrastructure/Logistics In justifying the case for the establishment of the company in Ghana, a strong analysis of the transport sector was necessary. As state d in part two, this would ensure efficiency and presence of movement and infrastructure facilities to transport beans from producers to the processing factory and from the finished goods to global consumers. Many African countries are lagging behind in terms of the transport sector, and Ghana has never been an exception. In an effort to improve the sector, the Ministry of Transport in the country has been on the forefront in implementing projects to enhance the transport sector of the country. In 2009, there was established a project that has been active in enhancing mobility of goods and services and in reducing the cost of production. The first role of the 2009 project was directed at the road sector and engaged in vigorous feasibility studies coming up with a geographical system.Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Open market system In the modern society, many nations that have achieved a mileage in their economic systems have embraced the private sector and have strived to eliminate government system in the financial control system. In the recent past, Ghana has drastically grown in terms of the freedom of its economic system especially in terms of labor freedom and money freedom. This year the country has climbed to number 9 of the 46 Sub-Saharan African countries with a 60.7% score in economic freedom. With a 6% annual growing economy, the country is number 84 in the world in terms of a free market (â€Å"Global Research Report†). Cocoa supply in Ghana As it has been stated earlier, Ghana is the second supplier of cocoa in the world. With over 90 years in cocoa production, the supply of cocoa by the six areas of Ashanti, Brong Ahafo, Eastern, Volta, Central and western region the supply of cocoa are highly guaranteed. Though many of the farmers of cocoa are small holders with 4-5 ac res, there is a guarantee of production of cocoa since it is a main source of livelihood in the country. Regulatory framework The regulatory framework in Ghana is effective in promoting new investment and competitiveness of a new company. The Global forum on transparency and exchange of information is the guiding tool for Ghana’s legal framework, it has been effective in promoting new investment companies. Industry policy Industry policies include the principles, policies, rules, regulations and procedures that regulate industrial enterprises within the nation; hence, determine the direction of key development. In June 2011, Ghana trade and industry Minister, Ms Hanna Tetteh launched the industrial policy for the country to be implemented within the period of the subsequent five years. Key issued the policy that justified the establishment of Global Ventures PLC in Ghana included the increase of industrious employment in the production sector and marketing of Agriculture base d industries (â€Å"Ghana launches Industrial Policy† 3). Export policy According to the ministry of Trade and Industry which is in charge of all the export policies in Ghana, the sector is geared to ensure the implementation of a self-fulfilling export sector. The country is improving its international presence so as to improve the export value of its goods, which are mainly the Agriculture processed or partially processed export goods. The country is likely to gain stable and fair prices for its exports by increasing its multilateral presence with other countries. In addition, Ghana has a positive image when it comes to the quality of its cocoa. Since 1947, Ghana has been the sole nation with the government established institution (Ghana Cocoa Board) among all cocoa producing countries in West Africa (â€Å"Ghana launches Industrial Policy† 2). Alliance, trade, navigation, and taxation agreements are mainly concerned with offering security for trading rights, as well as eliminate situations of double taxation. In Ghana, there is a fair business environment where all competing companies are treated equally without discrimination in the enforcement of laws and regulations. This was a key justification for the establishment of the country in Ghana as it was not exposed to unnecessary discrimination because it was a foreign company (â€Å"Global Research Report† 7). We identified the country because the pricing of cocoa beans was left to the market determinants of supply and demand, but not controlled by the government. Though several economies are not isolated from the world market fluctuations, in economically powerful countries such as the US as well, the floating exchange system in Ghana was a justification for the establishment of the company in Ghana. Monetary Policy This refers to all those activities and interventions that aim at establishing an even supply of credit for business and advancement of trade, as well as industry. The eff ectiveness of a monetary system is based on a thorough investigation on how the policy will affect and diffuse into other factors of the economy of the country (â€Å"Heritage Research Institute: Global Research Report† 5). In Ghana, the monetary system has been remarkably effective with the Bank of Ghana keeping a thorough check to ensure intervention in the monetary system is on time. Social or cultural factors Culture is a combination of the tangible and intangible factors which influence how a certain group makes its decision (2011 Investment Climate Statement). In justification of the company establishment within the country, it was adequately necessary to investigate the social norms that influenced consumer behavior. Since Ghana is an African country, the consumer behavior was highly influenced by what family and friends thought about the product; hence, it was necessary to use this as a key strategy for marketing the company. Individual purchasing decision was influen ced by what their friends and relatives thought about the product. An Integrated supply chain was necessary so that the product could be produced and sold to the relevant markets; in choosing Ghana, the presence of ports, malls and mass retail outlets were a key justification in the choice for the establishment of the company. Unlike a country which is landlocked, the presence of ports exporting the goods to the outside and enabled a fast reach of the global market (â€Å"Heritage Research Institute: Global Research Report† 7). The mass retail outlets established over the years were also a key justification for the choice. Government contracts and large corporate orders Since 1947, the government of Ghana has been in the forefront in promoting cocoa farming in the country. The country has a Board dealing with cocoa that is responsible for making purchases and then selling it internationally. With the government involvement in Ghana, the company will be assured of the governme nt assistance in the sale of its products. Niche market This refers to a selected group or class that the company wants to concentrate on selling its products. Cocoa farming and production will not be something new in Ghana and subset group will be easy to form. Forming a niche market will be remarkably easy since the company is dealing with a product that the local people already know (â€Å"Heritage Research Institute: Global Research Report† 7). At a global level, forming a niche market will be quite easy since Ghana cocoa products are distinct, as well as famous for their outstanding quality. Potential global market size It is no doubt that Ghana is well known all around the world for cocoa production. Establishing a global market will become easy. While the quantifiable characteristics such as the population size and GDP per head might have been hard to estimate, other characteristics such as, cheap labor and semi-skilled labor for farming and skilled labor for processin g justify the case for Ghana as the country of choice. In conclusion, when it comes to the country of choice in Cocoa farming, Ghana outdoes all other countries. The respect for democracy, peace and its record in stability, favorable legal framework, as well as outstanding economic growth and production of cocoa makes it the best country for making key investments. 2011 Investment Climate Statement South Africa. Bureau of economics energy and business affairs. March, 2011, Web. https://www.state.gov/. Ghana launches Industrial Policy, 2011. Government of Ghana, Web. https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/. Global Research Report 2012. Heritage Research Institute. Web. https://www.heritage.org/index/country/ghana.

The British Government, the Bank of England, and the British Economy Essay

The British Government, the Bank of England, and the British Economy - Essay Example Presently, it is the bank in charge of the financial activities of the U.K government (Capie 2010). The bank has its headquarters at London, and has been the case since 1734. As from 1946, the bank was nationalised, and it has since monopolized the provision of banknotes in England and the Wales. The Bank’s roles of managing the country’s monetary policy are overseen by the Monetary Policy Committee (Goodwin, 2013). During times of public interest issues and economic adversity, the committee is authorised by the parliament and the treasury to employ the strategies it deems fit towards correcting the issue or situation in question. The major roles of the bank include supporting the country’s price and economic stability. Monetary stability is pursued through employing strategies to ensure that price increment does not go beyond the inflation projections of the government. Financial stability is pursued, by the bank, through the well-timed neutralization of the thr eats facing the country’s financial system. Financial and monetary stability are attained through the stimulation of the economic system and the manipulation of policy instruments. These strategies entail the bank’s cooperation with the treasury and the FSA (Financial Services Authority) (Capie 2010). The British Economy 2011 was a difficult year for the global economy with the UK not spared. In effect, this forced many forecasters to revise their yearly forecasts throughout the year. An example is the case of the OBR (Office for Budget Responsibility), which cut its GDP projections for the period between FY 2011 and 2013; it cut the projections from 2.4 percent, for the previous year, to 1.2 percent for a financial year, during November 2011. Furthermore, the events that followed continue to raise questions as to whether the revised figures will be realised following the worsening of the situation by the crisis in the Euro zone (Goodwin 2013). This outlook demonstrate s that the financial and the monetary strategies that are altered by the bank of England, which works under the directives of the British government particularly the parliament and the treasury, which determine the stabilization strategies adopted. The poor outlook of the economy shows that the two actors have not been effective, in manipulating financial and monetary instruments to the favour of stabilizing the British economy (Gordon, Scanlon, Travers and Whitehead 2009). The Double Dip of 2012 The UK economy entered year 2012 from a weak point. The preliminary projections of GDP growth from the fourth quarter of 2011 showed that the output of the economy had contracted by 0.2 percent at the end of year 2011. The monthly output projections from official reports demonstrated that manufacturing capacity had reduced throughout the summer time. The reports showed that the service sector had demonstrated higher resilience during the same period. However, the worsening of the Euro zone crisis, starting July of 2011, triggered a sharp price decline and an increase in the volatility of equity pricing that consequently affected the outlook of both consumers and businesses. These changes demonstrate that the British Government and the Bank of England had failed in controlling price levels, and employing the strategies of containing price volatility. Partly, the situation could have been triggered by the Euro zone crisis, but it demonstrated a lack of competitiveness and skilfulness, among the two economic controllers, in manipulating financial and monetary policy to favour the resultant economic outlook (Goodwin 2013). The adverse effects of the non-controlled economic outlook were evident from the downturn evident among many businesses,

Using Ownership Incentives in China Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Using Ownership Incentives in China - Case Study Example On the other hand, the method has also been seen to reduce employee turnovers in the organizations where it is practiced. The outcome of the study are of great significance to Ben Freed and his partners in their quest to export this management culture to China with the aim of expanding their business and market globally. Analysis of the various aspects that would impact on the company’s incentive ownership culture would significantly inform the choice of practice to be adopted by the company, hence acting proactively to avert potential risks on the same. On the other hand, the findings of the study are of significant importance to employees, especially the experts based in the US, who are expected to move into a different country to introduce the new management system. The knowledge gained is important in preparing them on what to expect from the new geographical and cultural setup. The local culture of ownership as practiced in the Silicon Valley could be exported to China in various ways. For instance, the mode of payment for the China-based employees, together with all other employee motivational practices done in the US, could be introduced for the Chinese employees. This would thus mean that the payment for these employees be inclusive of their normal salaries together with the stock ownership percentages as determined by their respective positions in the company (Dong, Bowles and Ho 826). With the use of employee ownership approach, the CEO is well placed in motivating the workers to be responsible and work hard considering that their own success is determined by the company’s success. Additionally, the use of this approach is important in demonstrating to the employees that the company values all stakeholders in it equally, and gives similar treatment to all its employees. As observed in the historical practices in China, however, there could be n umerous challenges in

Relationship between Inflation and employment rates and GDP

Relationship between Inflation and employment rates and GDP INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND Gross Domestic Product as an indicator of wealth and therefore quality of life has long been criticized (Mederly, P. and et al. 2003). Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is the value of total production of goods and services in a country over a specified period, typically a year. The gross domestic product (GDP) or gross domestic income (GDI) is a measure of a countrys overall economic output GDP can be determined in three ways, all of which should in principle give the same result. The most direct of the three is the product approach, which sums the outputs of every class of enterprise to arrive at the total. The expenditure approach works on the principle that all of the product must be bought by somebody, therefore the value of the total product must be equal to peoples total expenditures in buying things. The income approach works on the principle that the incomes of the productive factor must be equal to the value of their product, and determines GDP by finding the sum of all producer s incomes (Bureau of Economic Analysis, U.S Department of Commerce, 2007). The most common approach to measure GDP is the expenditure method: GDP= private consumption + gross investment + government spending + (exports à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ imports) GDP = C + I + G + (X-M) (Equation 1.1) An event in 1975 that remind us the current GDP in our country where the Malaysian economy slumped into its great recession, with a GDP growth rate of only 0.8 percent, compared to 8.3 percent in 1974. This is one of the effects of increase in oil prices and then substantial price increase in 1973 were bought about mainly shortage of food and raw materials arising from bad weather and increased aggregate demand (Cheng, M.Y. and Tan,.H.B. 2002). According to the above circumstances occurred in 1975, the researcher has choosing one of variables that may relate with fluctuation of GDP which is inflation rate. Inflation means either an increase in the money supply or an increase in price levels. Generally, when we hear about inflation, we are hearing about a rise in prices compared to some benchmark. The study of the effects of inflation on economic growth continues to be an important and complex topic in economics. If inflation has real economic effects, then governments can influence economic performance through monetary policy (Risso, W.A and Carrera, E.J.S, 2009). Therefore, investigating how inflation affects economic growth pertains directly to the optimal design of monetary policy. Results from such studies are particularly important for economies. Besides the inflation, the researcher has considered total employment as one of the variable in the model since economic growth and employment are correlated between each others. The relationship between unemployment and GDP is called Okuns law. It is the association of a higher national economic output with the decrease in national unemployment. This is because in order to increase the economic output of a country, people will need to go back to work, thus lowering unemployment. In order to support the relationship exist between GDP and employment, the researcher has found out the issue supporting the theory that GDP and employment has a positive relationship between each others. According to Hassan, M.K.H. and et al. (2010), in the period of 1996 -1997, the manufacturing sector experienced a rapid growth producing the employment rate in the sector to grow at 7.7 percent per annum but later declining to negative 3.6 percent in 1998 due to the economic recession. In addition, in year 2000, the Malaysian manufacturing sector contributed 33.4% to gross domestic product (GDP), 85.2% to total export and 27.6% to total employment. 1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT Inflation is a major source of economic instability because it weakens incentives for work and production, distorts the allocate efficiency of the market mechanism, erodes international competitiveness of the domestic industry, and reduces growth potential. According to study by Fischer and Modigliani (1980) suggested a negative and nonlinear relationship between the rate of inflation and economic growth through the new growth theory mechanism. Furthermore, inflation also damages economic growth by lowering domestic and foreign savings, reducing efficiency of resource allocation, and deteriorating the balance-of payments (Risso, W.A. and Carrera, E.J.S., 2009). According to Cheng, M.Y. and Tan, H.B. (2002), the economy has experienced episode of high (1973-1974, 1980-1981) and low (1985-1987) regimes of inflation, and was able to contain low and stable inflation during the high economy growth period of 1988-1996. The second problem statement that should be concerns since the employment can affect the economic growth and it is important variable to determine the quality of production for national output and next will influence the GDP of our country. For example, in the early 1990s, the unemployment rate increased for about a year following the end of the previous recession. Coming out of a recession, companies are thought to be reluctant to hire many more workers until they are convinced about the sustainability of a new economic recovery while people who had left the labor force during the recession return to seek to find jobs (Seyfried, W.). Therefore, the researcher conducts this research in order to examine the correlation exists between inflation rate and employment with GDP so that we can help the country to mitigate the problem occurs by supporting the governments policies to increase the countrys GDP. In addition, this research also useful since the results of the studies can be used in policys decision for resource allocation in order to accelerate economic growth. 1.3 OBJECTIVES The objectives of the study are to: 1.3.1 Analyze the relationship between Inflation Rate and Gross Domestic Product in terms of magnitude and direction. 1.3.2 Analyze the relationship between Total Employment and Gross Domestic Product in terms of magnitude and direction. 1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY The significances of this study are as follow: 1.4.1 Researcher This study will help the researcher to complete their course requirement and will be as guidelines for their field of work in the future. The researcher can gain many experiences in order to complete this research. There are lot of weaknesses may be obtained and this will encourage the researcher to provide the better research in the future. Future researcher will know and more understanding about gross domestic product when conduct this research. It will give the knowledge to the researcher to identify the correlation exist between inflation rate and employment and it always make the researcher briefing to know deeply and applied the study. 1.4.2 Organization This study might help the organization in analyzing the countrys economic condition in order to prevent and reduce the risk during the inflation and know the effects of the crisis occurs to them. This study also may give some guidance to them to protect their company and industry itself. 1.4.3 Public This study can inform and gives some knowledge to the public the relationship between economic growth, inflation rate and employment. They also can make preparation to face the increasing in inflation rate and able to survive in that situation. 1.5 SCOPE OF THE STUDY The researcher chooses to conduct the research about GDP in Malaysia from 2000 until 2010 In this study, the researcher wants to determine the correlation exist between inflation rate and employment with GDP in Malaysia. It is important because as economic planners and forecasters used the GDP per capita in monitoring economic growth trend for time series. The collection of data of GDP, inflation rate and total employment were collected from Department Of Statistics Malaysia in quarterly basis. 1.6 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK Figure 1.1: Theoretical Framework INFLATION RATE GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT EMPLOYMENT RATE RATE Independent variables Dependent Variable Figure 1.1 represents the dependent variable and independent variables in this study. The function of theoretical framework has been clarified by Sekaran, U. (2003) which is a conceptual model of how one theorizes or makes logical sense of the relationship among the several factors that have been identified as important to the problem. Figure above clearly discuss the correlation between Gross Domestic Product which is variable primary to the researcher while Inflation Rate and Employment act as independent variable which is influences the dependent variable. 1.7 HYPOTHESIS In classical test of significant, two kind of hypothesis are used. They are Null Hypothesis and Alternate Hypothesis. Hypothesis is a conjectural statement that describes the relationship among variable even negative or positive. Null hypothesis which is represent by H0 symbol to show that the relationship between independent and dependent variable is not exist. However alternate hypothesis is representing by H1 symbol to show that the relationship is existing between both dependent and independent variable. According to Sakaran (2004), a hypothesis defines as a logically conjectured relationship between two or more variables expressed in the form of testable statement. Relationship a conjectured on the basis on the network of associations established in the theoretical framework formulated for the research study. There are two hypotheses that can describes the correlation exists between dependent variable and independent variables. Therefore the hypothesis that can be tested as follows: Inflation and GDP H0: there is no significant relationship between inflation and GDP. H1: there is a significant relationship between inflation and GDP. Employment and GDP H0: there is no significant relationship between employment and GDP. H1: there is a significant relationship between employment and GDP. 1.8 LIMITATION / CONSTRAINTS The limitations / constraints are: 1.8.1 Time constraint The length of time is limited since the researcher does not have much time to make detailed research. The time provided only three months and the researcher need to divide time properly to complete the research because the process of collecting data is quite difficult. 1.8.2 Cost constraint The cost involves is quite high since as a student, the researcher only depend on the loan applied. Examples of cost involve in order completing this research such as cost of printing, cost of maintaining the laptop, cost of surfing the internet and etc. 1.8.3 Data constraint Since the researcher use the secondary data, the collection of data that have been publish are so limited and the related material are not very supporting the topic of research. 1.8.4 Lack of experience The researcher is less of experience in conducting the research therefore needs to refer the researchers advisor to process the data and learning the skill that needed as a good researcher. CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 DEPENDENT VARIABLE 2.1.1 GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT (GDP) Generally, according to Chan, W.W. and Lam, J.C. (2000), gross domestic product is a common measure of the economic well-being of a society. When government officials plan for the future, they consider the various economics sectors contributed to the gross domestic products. In the other study by Ivanov, S. and Webster, C. (2007), they use the growth of real GDP per capita gr as a measure of economic growth in line with other publications in the field (see Ivanov and Webster, 2007; Lopes et al., 2002; Plosser, 1992). The function of GDP also has been explained by Kosmidou, K. (2008) where gross domestic product (GDP) is among the most commonly used macroeconomic indicators, as it is a measure of total economic activity within an economy. The gross domestic product growth (GDPGR), calculated as the annual change of the GDP, is used as a measure of the macroeconomic conditions. The significance between GDP, foreign trade and foreign direct investment has been discussed by Liu Ying and Cui Riming (2008) where the economy is highlighted by the significant performance of both its economic growth and its foreign trade and foreign direct investment. Under this background, the correlation of foreign trade, foreign direct investments and economic growth in has become an important issue for academic research. Previous studies support that foreign trade and foreign direct investment have positive impacts on gross domestic product (GDP). In the study by Malul, M. and et al. (2008), the GDPpc is used mainly to compare the standard of living in different countries. It means that the higher of cost of living in a country, the higher earning of gross domestic product of the country. According to Wong, K.Y.(2008),economic growth of an economy refers to the expansion of its production possibility set, as a result of accumulation of primary factors such as labor and capital (physical and human), or improvement of production technologies. However, because the production possibility frontier (PPF) of an economy is not observable, economic growth is usually measured in terms of the growth rate of some observable variables such as real GDP or real per capita GDP. Besides that GDP also one of the result of the countrys economic activities based on the statement of Daly and Cobb (1989), GDP expresses the content of physical flows of capital, industrial production, services, resources and agricultural product. The scientific research has been conducted by Ligon and Sadoulet (2007) using a sample of 42 countries show that GDP growth, which comes from agriculture is at least twice as effective in reducing poverty compared to GDP growth coming from nonagricultural areas. In order to know the correlation between inflation and growth, Gokal, V. and Hanif, S. (2004), stated that the tests revealed that a weak negative correlation exists between inflation and growth, while the change in output gap bears significant bearing. The causality between the two variables ran one-way from GDP growth to inflation. While, according to some consensus exists, suggesting that macroeconomic stability, specifically defined as low inflation, is positively related to ec onomic growth. 2.2 INDEPENDENT VARIABLES 2.2.1 INFLATION RATE (INF) Inflation on economic growth continues to be an important and complex topic in economics. If inflation has real economic effects, then governments can influence economic performance through monetary policy. Therefore, investigating how inflation affects economic growth pertains directly to the optimal design of monetary policy. According to Andres and Hernando (1999), for example, reducing inflation by one percentage point when the rate is 20 percent which results in an increase in the growth rate of 0.5 percent, compared to reducing inflation by one percentage point when the inflation rate is around 5 percent, which results in a decrease in the growth rate by 1 percent. Furthermore, a study by Mallik and Chowdhury (2001), the structuralisms argue that inflation is necessary for economic growth, whereas the monetarists argue the opposite, that is, inflation is detrimental to economic growth such debate started in the 1950s, focused on developing countries, which had long suffered fro m low-growth rates with high rates of inflation and larger deficits in the balance of payments. In order of inflation, the monetarists argue that price stability promotes economic growth and protects the balance of payments. They argue that inflation is major sources of economic instability because it weakens incentives for work and production, distorts the allocative efficiency of the market mechanism, erodes international competitiveness of the domestic industry, and reduces growth potential. They also argued that inflation damages economic growth by lowering domestic and foreign savings, reducing efficiency of resource allocation, and deteriorating the balance-of-payments. To monetarists, stable prices are the starting point in the process of economic development. The policy choice of a country would be stabilization with growth, or stabilization without growth. Several papers are typical of the monetarist tradition. To argue that, according to Fischer and Modigliani (1980) suggested a negative and nonlinear relationship between the rate of inflation and economic growth through the new growth theory mechanism proposed a model where the agents decide the level of labor output, and an increase in inflation reduces labor supply, and producing a decrease in economic production. On the other hand, a study by Mundell and Tobin (1965), the structuralizes argue that inflation normally accompanies economic growth in developing countries because structural rigidities and bottlenecks in supply sectors prevent the elastic supply of some basic commodities such as food, housing, energy, and transportation. Increased income as a result of growth would expand demand for such basic commodities, and prices would rise. The structuralize position is that economic difficulties in developing countries have roots deeper than just the results of inflation. Thus, structuralizes thought that inflationary pressures and det erioration in the balance of payments inevitably are attendant matters of economic growth. In developing countries, there thus would be a trade-off relationship between economic growth and inflation and an attendant deterioration in balance of payments. If a developing country wants stabilization of prices and balance of payments, it must reduce the speed of economic growth, including a sacrifice of employment. Among scholars who support the structuralize position on a positive relationship between inflation and economic performance, predict a positive relationship between the rate of inflation and the rate of capital accumulation, which in turn implies a positive relationship to the rate of economic growth. But, DeGregorio (1996) and Fischer (1926) pointed out, since money and capital are substitutable, an increase in the rate of inflation increases capital accumulation by shifts in portfolios from money to capital and thereby stimulate a higher rate of economic growth was the first to establish a negative correlation between inflation and unemployment. According to Grier and Grier (2006), it presents evidence on the real effects of inflation and inflation uncertainty on output growth. Their main findings are as follows: Inflation uncertainty has a negative and significant effect on growth Once the effect of inflation uncertainty is accounted for, lagged inflation does not have a direct negative effect on output growth; and As predicted higher average inflation raises inflation uncertainty, and the overall net effect of average inflation on output growth. Differ with theory of Bortis, H. (2004), he argues that inflation is a macroeconomic phenomenon represented by a gap between global supply and global demand. Inflation affects the money-output relationship, as does deflation; both phenomena modify the purchasing power of money over domestic output. In this view, price indices cannot come to grips with the inflation phenomenon. While Cheng and Tan (2002) in their study inflation in Malaysia, suggested that main factors affecting Malaysian inflation were external (foreign trade, foreign direct investment and technology transfer). Malaysia has been comparatively successful in balancing strong economic growth with moderate levels of inflation in the periods preceding and following the Asian Financial crisis. Actually, empirical results related to low and medium inflation are of a mixed nature; some papers (mainly these analysing the developed economies) argues that moderate inflation negatively affects growth (e.g. Alexander, 1997, Gillm an et al. 2002; Gillman and Harris 2009; Gillman et al. 2001; Fischer 1993; De Gregorio 1992 and 1993) while other argues that moderate inflation is actually stimulating growth. On the theory side Friedman (1977) in his Nobel lecture argues that a positive relationship between the level of inflation and inflation uncertainty. Friedman points out higher inflation leading to greater uncertainty, which lowers welfare and efficiency of output growth. On the other hand, Ball (1992) formalizes Friedmans hypothesis using an asymmetric information game where public faces uncertainty regarding the type of policymaker in the office. One of the policymaker is willing to tolerate a recession to reduce inflation and the other is not. During the low inflation time, both type of policymakers will attempt and try to keep it low. But, when inflation is high, only the tough type or anti-inflation policymaker will bear the economic costs of disinflation. The argument that central banks should emphasize holding down inflation comes from the beliefs that inflation has an adverse effect on macroeconomic variables, such as output and productivity growth. According to Clark (1982), inflation causes misperception of the relative price levels and leads to inefficient investment plans and therefore affects productivity inversely. Furthermore, inflation erodes tax reductions for depreciation and raises the rental price of capital, which in turn causes a reduction in capital accumulation and therefore in labour productivity. In addition, according to Feldstein (1982) inflation disrupts investment plans by imposing a higher tax rate on corporate profits and through higher effective tax rates on corporate income and accordingly affects productivity (Gilson, 1984; Boskin et al., 1980). Finally, inflation distorts price signals and reduces the ability of economic agents to operate efficiently (Smyth, 1995). According to Chen and et al. (1991), it has documented a significant relationship between the US stock returns and real economic variables such as industrial production, real GNP, interest rates, inflation and money supply. Besides that, there are also otherwise arguments that there is no relation between inflation rate and gross domestic product in the long run. For instance, Faria and Carneiro (2001) investigate the relationship between inflation and output in the context of an economy facing persistent high inflation and they find that inflation does not affect real output in the long run, but that in the short-run inflation negatively affects output. In addition, scholars such as Sidrauski (1967) suggest that there is no relationship between inflation and economic growth, supporting the hypothesis of super neutrality of money. On the other hand, Sarel (1995) asserts that there is a nonlinear relationship between inflation and economic growth. Using 87 countries, he finds the existence of an inflation threshold of 8 percent. Above the threshold there is a negative relationship between inflation and economic growth, whereas under the threshold there is a positive but not significant relationship. The others studies in order to prove Sarels result, Judson and Orphanides (1996) divide Sarels sample of countries into three groups, and they find similar results to Sarel, finding a threshold of 10 percent. Ghosh and Phillips (1998a, b) study 145 countries in the period 1960-1990 again finding similar results. Paul et al. (1997) study 70 countries (of which 48 are developing economies) for the period 1960-1989. They find no causal relationship between inflation and economic growth in 40 percent of the countries, bidirectional causality among 20 percent of the countries, and unidirectional causality for the rest (either inflation to growth or vice versa). Lastly, Mendoza (1998) finds that inflation has had no effect on Mexicos long-run economic growth since he conducted the study of inflation in Mexico. 2.2.2 EMPLOYMENT Some of studies have been conducted to examine the relationship between gross domestic product and employment. For instance, according to Okun (1962) and Philips (1958), they found different relationship both of these. Okun found a negative correlation between unemployment and economic growth, then from both propositions it can be deduced a positive relationship between economic growth and inflation while Phillips proposed a positive relationship between inflation and unemployment implying the same type of relationship. In addition, Boltho and Glyn (1995) found elasticities of employment with respect to output growth in the order of 0.5 to 0.6 for a set of OECD countries. While according to Evangelista and Perani (1996) discovered evidence suggesting that restructuring of major economic sectors reduce the relationship between economic growth and employment. A specific research conducted by Seyfried, W., among the G7 countries (Canada was excluded), a positive and significant relationship between growth in value added and employment was found only in Germany and the US. In addition, according to Verdoon (1949) and Kaldor (1966), an increase in output growth of 1 percent leads to an increase in productivity and employment growth of half a percentage point each. It should be noted that the higher the productivity effects of growth, the more difficult it will be to keep unemployment from rising. According to Okuns Law an increase of the economic growth rate by 3 percent (above the normal rate) was expected to reduce the unemployment rate by 161 percentage point. Or, to put it the other way round: The gain of real GDP associated with a reduction in unemployment of one percentage point was estimated to be 3 percent. Several studies also have been conducted to examine the correlation exists between employment and inflation rate. One of the studies by Spithoven, A.H.G.M. (1995), by the end of the 1960s evidently there was no fixed relationship between unemployment and inflation. Empirical research revealed that the relationship was not consistent over time and varied sharply between countries. This was explained as follows: in the short run higher nominal wages attract more labour and engender a fall in the rates of unemployment. As soon as the workers recognize the wage rise to be purely nominal they abstain from work, and unemployment is restored to the pre-wage-rise level, but with a level of prices higher than before. Secondly, according to Brenner (1991), confronted with a combination of unemployment and inflation (stagflation), many governments abandoned efforts to regulate the economy by the Keynesian instruments. They declared fiscal policies ineffective and sought refuge in a mixture of m onetary measures with supply-side economics. According to Keynes (1946), the volume of employment is given by the point of intersection between the aggregate demand function and the aggregate supply function. This was naively interpreted and construed to imply that a rise in costs and with this was meant a rise in costs owing to increasing government expenditure will result in an upward shift of the supply curve and will cause greater unemployment and inflation. CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND DESIGN 3.1 MODEL SPECIFICATION This study is to examine the correlation exists between inflation rate and total employment with gross domestic product. It uses secondary data which is based on time series data. The collection of time series data from 1982 to 2006 and the scope is in Malaysia. The researcher applied STATA software to process the data and log-log model in this study. The model applied a log transformation, since log transformations help, at least partially, to eliminate the strong asymmetry in the distribution of inflation (Sarel, 1995) and (Ghosh and Phillips, 1998a, b). The logarithm equation is written in the Equation 3.1. GDP = ÃŽÂ ± + ÃŽÂ ²1In(INF) + ÃŽÂ ²2ln(EMP) + ÃŽÂ µ (Equation 3.1) Where, GDP = Gross Domestic Product ÃŽÂ ± = Constant ÃŽÂ ²1 = Inflation ÃŽÂ ²2 = Employment ÃŽÂ µ = Error term In above equation, it shows clearly dependent variable that has been applied in this study is gross domestic product, besides that, the researcher also used two independent variables which are quantitative variables, they are inflation rate and total employment. 3.1.1 DEPENDENT VARIABLE The dependent variable is the variable of primary interest to the researcher. The researchers goal is to understand and describe the dependent variable, and to explain its variability, or predict it (Sekaran, 2006). Dependent variable of this study is factor contributed to the gross domestic product. According to Zikmund (2000), independent variable is a criterion that predicted or explained. It show that the component contributed to improving of gross domestic product depend on the listed independent variables. 3.1.2 INDEPENDENT VARIABLES According to Zikmund (2000), independent variables that expected to influence the dependent variable. Refer to (Burn and Bush, 2000), independent variables are those variables over which the researcher has some control and wishes to manipulate. In this study, two independent variables will influence the dependent variables. They are inflation rate and employment. 3.2 DATA SET AND METHODOLOGY The collections of data in this research only gain from secondary data and based on time series data which are from 2000 to 2010. The researcher has considered annual data of real GDP, inflation rate and employment. All the data on the growth rate of real GDP, Inflation and total employment were obtained from Department of Statistics Malaysia database. GDP is considered per capita. In addition, according to Aigenger (2005) per capita real GDP is also used as an alternative measure of productivity, as some theoretical models do. Moreover, according to OECD (2001), living standards as represented by per capita income reflects productivity since the former is determined, to a significant extent, by the latter. CPI consider in weight 100 while employment in number of labor. The variables were selected based on relevant economic theories that allow for the interaction among inflation rate and total employment in addition to response to GDP. 3.3 TECHNIQUE ANALYSIS DATA In this research, the researcher has applied unit SPSS in order to determine time series data is stationary or non stationary about the correlation between inflation rate and employment with gross domestic product. The researcher examines the existence of a long-run relationship between inflation and employment with GDP using a vector error-correction model (VECM) after applying Johansens (1988, 1990, and 1995) cointegration technique. We conduct a test for weak exogeneity in order to do inference. Then, the researcher conduct stability test by using Jarque Bera test in order to test normality distribution between the variables selected. Finally, a modified version of the Granger causality test is applied in order to analyze causality between the variables. 3.4.1.1 Multiple Regression Analysis Multiple Linear regression analysis is an analysis of the relationship between one variable (dependent variable) and set of variable (independent variables). It is used by the researcher to test the hypothesis. As in all hypothesis tests, the goal is to reject the null hypothesis and accept the alternative hypothesis. This technique will identify how much of the variance in the dependent variables can be explained by independent variables. This analysis is used primarily for the purpose of pre

Dhumketu (Gaurishankar Govardhanram Joshi). The Letter-Summary Essay

-Dhumaketu (Gaurishankar Goverdhanram Joshi) (SUMMARY) Dhumaketu can be glorified as a prolific writer who has given a very vivid and wonderful description of the village and its people, along with the nature and loneliness of human beings. The story talks about coachman Ali who could not bear the pain of separation when his daughter left after her marriage. His loneliness gained momentum with passage of time in which he desperately waited for a letter from his daughter Miriam. The story begins with a very vivid description of how silent the village was â€Å"wrapped in deathly silence.† The description of it being early dawn and people fast asleep in a winter morning is very well portrayed through various phrases such as â€Å"early dawn stars†, â€Å"distant steps†, â€Å"occasional bark of dogs†, etc. The old man goes to the post-office everyday occupying a particular seat with a fixed purpose – awaiting a letter from his daughter. People found h im to be a lunatic and laughed at him. In the following lines of the story we find Ali missing from the post-office for several days as he falls sick terribly. At last, he reaches the place one day and asks for the much awaited letter. The postmaster gets infuriated and chases him away. Although this angers Ali, he doesn’t lose his temper. He gives five golden guineas to the postmaster to forward his letter to his grave as he considers that very day to be his last day of survival. He was never seen again. The turning point in the story comes when trouble knocks on the postmaster’s door in the form of news about his own daughter who lay sick in another town. He was anxious about receiving a letter from her, discussing her health. He searched in the pile of letters and to his shock, found Ali’s much awaited letter from his daughter. His anger disappeared in a whiff and he sent for the postman to send it to Ali right away. The story here turns quite heart-rendering when the postmaster feels empathy towards Ali. He is grieved because of his condition and is filled with sympathy for the old man. He then personally went to the post office to give Ali the letter. To his amazement, Ali received the letter with gratefulness and tears in his eyes. The postmaster shrunk back when he noticed a light of kindness when Ali received the letter. The postmaster narrated this entire story to the postman. When asked on whom he saw the postmaster said he saw Ali. This is when he came to know that Ali had died three months before. Here, the  bewildered postmaster found at the doorway that Ali had disappeared. Imagination had deceived him. That evening he went to Ali ‘s grave and laid the letter there. Empathy makes us understand each other and build strong relationships. One can feel the anxiety of other when one finds himself in that particular situation. In the end of the story, tortured with remorse and grief, the postmaster waits for news from her ill daughter, passing a restless night beside the charcoal sigri.

Paul Rand’s Works in Relation to the New York School Essay

One of the most influential figures in American graphic design who had the exploration on the formal expressions of the European avant-garde art movements and had the development on only one of its kind and predominantly American graphic style which has the characteristics of being simple, witty and problem-solving rational approaches is Paul Rand. His major influences are on design consultation and of course in developing identity systems and logos for most important corporations such as IBM, Westinghouse, United Parcel Service, American Broadcasting Co. and NeXt Computer. Due to his revolutionary novelty in design, typography and graphic design Paul Rand’s works were easily recognized during the early twenties. His prominence in advocacy of employing a wide diversity of techniques such as typography, painting, collage, photography, and montage create a mixture of elements in production of a unique and modern visual image in his works in posters, magazine cover designs or corporate logo or identity design (Logo Designers 2007). As with the informal group of American poets, painters, dancers and musicians who were active during 1950s to 1960s in New York City which is called the New York School, it was synonymous with the abstract expressionist painting. They drew inspiration from Surrealism which features elements of surprise and unexpected juxtapositions also with the contemporary avant-garde movements considering by some to be a hallmark of modernism. Paul Rand was able to synchronize different techniques in different designs coming up innovation and excellence. With his typography, having the elements of balance, uniformity and equilibrium of spacing, he had successfully merged modern typography and nineteenth-century engravings presenting both visual and technical content. For a creation to be aesthetically appealing, Paul Rand never forgets the most common element which is simplicity. He was not afraid to break away from the conventional standards of typography and layout during the 1940s and used Swiss style in incorporating designs into his creations and experimented with other designs such as Cubism, Constructivism, the Bahaus, De Stijl and other modes of modern art with integration of different modes of art and styles into American visual culture. Like the New York School, Paul Rand’s attempt to be rebellious on the techniques and contemporary designs for his creations paved way to more accepting and recognizing designs. He became the standards in creating corporate logos having modernity, simplicity and ease of recognition. By pushing the boundaries to get the acceptance of being the norm or the status quo, principally in the cultural dominion works that are innovative or experimental will have a great response and effect to art, culture and politics. It does not basically focus on art but also with the other factors and considerations around the environment. Being philosophical, politically and socially aware made the New York School and Paul Rand as great contributors not just in the world of art and visuals but also with the total concern they had manifested in their works and what they had left for us. It is best to understand different techniques and take risks to make the most out of them. But what is most important is the fact that these techniques come from conventional and modern ideologies concerning different issues that are facing the community and the society itself. Paul Rand and the New York School link modernism and contemporary ideas.

Comparative Study of Pakistan Chinese Cultures

2013 Comparative study of Pakistan and Chinese Cultures Muhammad Rashid (ID:2012420078) This report has compared the two cultures namely the Chinese and Pakistani culture by considering different parameters. The material and non-material aspects of culture are expressed and comparative study of two cultures is performed. Both the cultures have strong roots with the shades of thousands of years of civilizations. The ideology, ethics and living styles are compared with some examples and details. The architecture, food, arts and crafts, religion, education and festivals are elaborated in write detail to get the list of both cultures and to figure out the difference between two friendly boarder countries. It has been found that both courtiers†¦show more content†¦11 EID-UL-AZHA : .......................................................................................................................................................... 11 PAKISTAN DAY: MARCH 23.............................................................................................................. ......................... 11 INDEPENDENCE DAY: AUGUST 14 .............................................................................................................................. 12 DEFENCE DAY: SEP 06 .............................................................................................................................................. 12 AIR FORCE DAY: SEP 07 ............................................................................................................................................ 12 IQBAL DAY: NOV 09.................................................................................................................................................. 13 QUAID-E-AZAM DAY: DEC 25 ................................................................................................................................... 13 JASHN-E-BAHARAN: ...................................................................................................................................... ............ 13 SIBI FESTIVAL:Show MoreRelatedArranged Marriages And Love Marriages1617 Words   |  7 Pagesselected by a third party (usually their parents), while in a love marriage, people choose their marital partners based on their feelings or attraction for one another. 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